Depression
A common and serious mood disorder, depression negatively affects how you feel, the way you think, and how you act. Are you experiencing sadness or a loss of interest in activities you once enjoyed?
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Depression is treatable, and it's possible to find joy in life again. No matter how bad you feel, there's always hope.
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What is Depression?
A mood disorder, depression affects one's ability to function normally in daily life, and has many different shapes and forms. Depression can be mild, moderate, or major (clinical).
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Depression affects an estimated one in 15 adults (6.7%) in any given year. And one in six people (16.6%) will experience depression at any time in their life. There is also a high degree of heritability (approximately 40%) when first-degree relatives, such as parents, siblings, or children have depression.
Common Causes of Depression
Understanding the potential causes of depression can aid in recognizing and addressing its roots. Common contributors can be:
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Biological factors such as imbalances in brain chemicals (neurotransmitters).
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Genetic predisposition like a family history of depression can increase one's susceptibility.
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Life events, such as trauma, loss, or significant life changes, such as the loss of a loved one or job, can trigger depressive episodes.
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Chronic illness or pain can contribute to the development of depression.
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Substance abuse, like misuse or addiction, can worsen or trigger depression.
Depression Symptoms
Varying from mild to severe, depression symptoms can include:
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Persistent sadness
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Loss of interest or pleasure in activities once enjoyed
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Changes in appetite; weight gain or loss unrelated to dieting
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Trouble sleeping or sleeping too much
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Loss of energy or increased fatigue
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Less self-esteem; feeling worthless or guilty
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Thoughts of death or suicide
Types of Depression
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) - characterized by severe depressive symptoms that last for at least two weeks.
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Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia) - chronic depression lasting for two years or more.
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Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) - typically occurring in the fall or winter months due to reduced sunlight exposure.
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Postpartum Depression - experienced by some women after giving birth, who may feel intense sadness, anxiety, and exhaustion.
Treatment for Depression
Effective treatments are available to manage depression. With the right treatment(s), most individuals are able to return to their normal lives. Some common approaches are:
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Therapy or counseling: cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), interpersonal therapy (IPT), or other psychotherapy forms can help individuals address negative thought patterns and develop coping strategies.
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Medication: antidepressants may be prescribed to help regulate brain chemistry.
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Lifestyle changes: such as regular exercise, a balanced diet, adequate sleep, and stress management techniques.
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Support groups: someone struggling with depression may benefit from group or social support from friends.
